American Literature

 

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KEY TERMS



irony
metaphor
symbol
archetype
allegory
obj. correlative
iceberg principle
dissociation
individuation
puritan
pastoral
transcendental


   

Aiken, Conrad, “Herman Melville” (1958)
Aldington, Richard The Evening (c 1915) imagist poem
Anderson, Philip B. “An Ode to Deconstruction” (c.1988): satire
Angell, Barbara, “Ulabel Lume” (c.1955): parody of Poe
Auden, W. H., “Herman Melville” (1933)
Barlow, Joel, from “The Hasty Pudding” (1796): humor
Berry, D. C., “Godiva” (c.2009): parody of Sylvia Plath
Bishop, Elizabeth, “The Fish” (1955): analysis
Bogan, Louise, “The Dream” (1954): analysis
Bradstreet, Anne, “The Flesh and the Spirit” (1678): analysis
     “A Letter to Her Husband” (1678): analysis
Brooks, Gwendolyn, “A Song in the Front Yard” (1945)
     “Sadie and Maud” (1945)
     “We Real Cool” (1966)
Bryant, William Cullen, “Thanatopsis” (1817): analysis
"On the Nature of Poetry" (1826): excerpts, William C. Bryant
     “The Prairies” (1832): analysis
Bugeja, Michael J., “The Influence of William Carlos Williams” (2009)
Carlisle, Andrea, “Emily Dickinson’s To-Do List” (1996)
Chesterton, G. K., (British), “After Walt Whitman” (c .1894-1936): parody
Clark, John Abbot, “The Love Song of F. Scott Fitzgerald” (c.1955): humor
Collins, Billy, “Taking Off Emily Dickinson’s Clothes” (1998): humor
Cope, Wendy (British), “Waste Land Limericks” (1986): parody of T. S. Eliot
Cranch, Christopher, “Gnosis” (1844)
Crane, Hart, “Black Tambourine” (1926): analysis
     “At Melville’s Tomb” (1926): analysis by Crane and 3 critics
     “To Emily Dickinson” (1926)
     The Bridge (1930): analysis by 15 critics
Crane, Stephen, 6 free verse pre-Imagist poems (1895-99): commentary
Cullen, Countee, “Incident” (1925)
     “Yet Do I Marvel” (1925)
"Three Statements" (1926, 1938, 1955), e. e. cummings
cummings, e. e., “chanson innocent” (1923): analysis
     “Portrait” (1926): analysis
     “since feeling is first” (1926)
     “nobody loses all the time” (1926): humor
     “somewhere i have never travelled” (1931)
     “anyone lived in a pretty how town” (1940): analysis
Cunningham, J. V., 32 witty verses (1942-57)
Dacey, Philip, “Amherst with Fries” (1999), homage to Dickinson: humor
18 Transcendental characteristics in the poetry (1830-1886) of Emily Dickinson
Dickinson, Emily, “Papa above!” #61 (c.1859): analysis
     “Success is counted sweetest” #67 (c.1859): analysis
     “Exultation is the going” #76 (c.1859): analysis
     “These are the days when Birds come back” #130 (c.1860): analysis by 5 critics
     “I’m ‘wife’ – I’ve finished that” #199 (c.1860): analysis
     “I taste a liquor never brewed” #214 (c.1860): analysis by 7 critics
     “I like a look of Agony” #241 (c.1861): analysis
     “Wild Nights! -- Wild Nights!” #249 (c.1861): analysis
     “There’s a certain Slant of light” #258 (c.1861): analysis by 12 critics
     “I felt a Funeral in my Brain” #280 (c.1861): analysis by 8 critics
     “I got so I could take [hear?] his name” #293 (c.1861): analysis by 3 critics
     “The Soul selects her own Society” #303 (c.1862): analysis by 4 critics
     “There came a Day at Summer’s full” #322 (1861): analysis by 4 critics
     “After great pain, a formal feeling comes” #341 (c.1862): analysis by 7 critics
     “I read my sentence – steadily” #412 (c.1862): analysis
     “I died for Beauty” #449 (c.1862): analysis by 2 critics
     “I heard a Fly buzz when I died” #465 (c.1862): analysis by10 critics
     “This World is not Conclusion” #501 (1862): analysis by 3 critics
     “I’m ceded – I’ve stopped being Theirs” #508 (c.1862): analysis by 6 critics
     “I started Early -- Took my Dog” #520 (1862): analysis by 7 critics
     “I like to see it lap the Miles” #585 (1862): analysis by 4 critics
     “A still – Volcano – Life” #601 (c.1862): analysis by 4 critics
     “Because I could not stop for Death” #712 (c.1863): analysis by 17 critics
     “My Life had stood -- a Loaded Gun” #754 (c.1863): analysis by 9 critics
     “My Faith is larger than the Hills” #766 (c.1863): analysis
     “I felt a Cleaving in my Mind” #937 (c.1864): analysis
     “A narrow Fellow in the Grass” #986 (c.1865): analysis
     “Further in Summer than the Birds” #1068 (c.1866): analysis by 8 critics
     “Title divine – is mine!” #1072 (c.1862): analysis by 6 critics
     “Tell all the Truth but tell it Slant” #1129 (c.1868): analysis
     “He preached upon ‘Breadth’ till it argued him narrow” #1207 (c.1872): analysis
     “A Route of Evanescence” #1463 (c.1879): analysis by 7 critics
     “As imperceptibly as Grief” # 1540 (c.1865): analysis
     “Of God we ask one favor” #1601 (c.1884): analysis
Doolittle, Hilda (H. D.), “The Pool” (c.1915): Imagist poems
     “Oread” (c.1915): Imagist poems
Drew, George, “Apparently Someone in the Department” (2004): satire of PC
Dugan, Alan, “Funeral Oration for a Mouse” (1961)
Dunbar, Paul, “We Wear the Mask” (c.1895)
     “Theology” (1899): humor
     “Harriet Beecher Stowe” (1899): tribute
Eberhart, Richard, “Emily Dickinson” (c.1930)
     “The Groundhog” (c.1960): analysis by 2 critics
     “Worldly Failure” (1960): on Robert Frost
     “To William Carlos Williams” (1988)
"Tradition and the Individual Talent" (1919): excerpt, T. S. Eliot
Eliot, T. S., “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” (1915): analysis by 15 critics
     “Portrait of a Lady” (1917): analysis by 3 critics
     “Sweeney Among the Nightingales” (1918): analysis by 2 critics
     “Gerontion” (1920): analysis by 6 critics
     “The Waste Land” (1922): analysis by 25 critics
     12 basic principles in reading “The Waste Land”
     “The Hollow Men” (1925): analysis by 6 critics
     “Ash Wednesday” (1930): analysis by 3 critics
     Four Quartets (1943): analysis by 9 critics
"The Poet" (1844): excerpts, Ralph Waldo Emerson
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, “Concord Hymn” (1837,1847)
     “Brahma” (1856): analysis
Fletcher, John Gould, “The Skaters” (c.1915): Imagist poems
Freneau, Philip, “The Wild Honey Suckle” (1786): analysis
     “The Indian Burying-Ground” (1787) : analysis
     “On the Uniformity and Perfection of Nature” (1815): analysis
Frost, Robert, “Mowing” (1913): analysis by 2 critics
     “The Death of the Hired Man” (1914): analysis by 2 critics
     “After Apple-Picking” (1914): analysis by 10 critics
     “Mending Wall” (1914,1919): analysis by 8 critics
     “The Road Not Taken” (1915,1916): analysis by 7 critics
     “Birches” (1916): analysis by 9 critics
     “The Hill Wife” (1916): analysis by 3 critics
     “Fire and Ice” (1920,1923): analysis by 4 critics
     “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” (1923): analysis by 16 critics
     “A Lone Striker” (1933): analysis by 2 critics
     “Two Tramps in Mud-Time” (1934): analysis by 7 critics
     “Desert Places” (1936): analysis by 7 critics
     “Design” (1936): analysis by 11 critics
     “Neither out far Nor in Deep” (1936): analysis by 5 critics
     “The Gift Outright” (1942): analysis by 6 critics
     “Departmental” (1949): humor
Fuller, Roy, “The Love Song of J. Omar Khayyam” (1973): parody of T. S. Eliot
Gardner, Isabella, “To Thoreau on Rereading Walden” (1955)
Hall, Donald “The Impossible Marriage” (1986): humor
Hecht, Anthony, “Samuel Sewall” (1954)
Hemingway, Ernest, “Sing a song of critics” (1927): disdain
Hoffenstein, Samuel, “Miss Millay Says Something Too” (1928): parody
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, “Old Ironsides” (1830): commentary
     from “The Deacon’s Masterpiece” (1858): satire
     “The Chambered Nautilus” (1858): commentary
Houghton, Firman, “Mr. Frost Goes South to Boston” (1961): parody
Hughes, Langston, “Florida Road Workers” (1927): analysis
Imagist poems: 12 examples
James, Clive (Australian), from “Robert Lowell’s Notebook” (1986): parody
     “Richard Wilbur’s Faberge Egg Factory” (1986): parody
Jarrell, Randall, “The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner” (1948)
Jeffers, Robinson, “Ocean” (1954)
Joyce, James (Irish), “The Waste Land” (1925): parody of Eliot
Kennedy, X. J., “Emily Dickinson Leaves a Message to the World, Now That Her Homestead in Amherst Has an Answering Machine” (1992)
King, Stoddard, “Poem for Benjamin Franklin’s Birthday” (1926): humor
Kinnell, Galway, “For William Carlos Williams” (1960)
     “The Deconstruction of Emily Dickinson” (1994)
Koch, Kenneth, “Variations on a Theme by William Carlos Williams” (2005): parody
Kumin, Maxine, “After the Poetry Reading” (1996)
Lang, Andrew (Scot), “Brahma” (c.1864-1912): parody of Emerson
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, “A Psalm of Life” (1838): analysis by 2 critics
     “The Rainy Day” (1842)
     “The Slave's Dream” (1842)
     “The Day is Done” (1844)
"Rules" from Preface to Some Imagist Poets (1915), Amy Lowell
Lowell, Amy, “Meditation” (c.1915): Imagist poems
Lowell, James Russell, from “A Fable for Critics” (1848): on Emerson, Bryant, Hawthorne, Cooper, Fuller,
Lowell, Robert, “Mr. Edwards and the Spider” (1944): analysis
     “Skunk Hour” (1959): analysis
     “Words for Hart Crane” (1959)
     “T. S. Eliot” (1969)
     “Ezra Pound” (1969)
     “Robert Frost” (1969)
Lummis, C. F., “A Poe-em of Passion” (c.1882): parody
MacLeish, Archibald, “Ars Poetica” (1915): credo
"A poem should not mean, but be": "Ars Poetica" (1926), Archibald
Markham, Edwin, “The Man with the Hoe” (1899)
Melville, Herman, “Art” (1891)
McGinley, Phyllis, “The Theology of Jonathan Edwards” (1957): wit
McKay, Claude, “America” (1922)
     “The White City” (1922)
Millay, Edna St. Vincent, “What Lips My Lips Have Kissed” (1923): analysis
Monsour, Leslie, “Emily's Words” (1990): homage
Moore, Marianne, “Poetry” (1921-51): analysis
     “Critics and Connoisseurs” (1924): analysis
     “What Are Years?” (1941): analysis by 2 critics
Morley, Christopher, “Epitaph for Any New Yorker” (1920): humor
Nash, Ogden, 42 witty verses (1933-53)
     “Kindly Unhitch That Star, Buddy” (1933): humor
     “Portrait of the Artist as a Prematurely Old Man” (1934): analysis
     “The Purist” (c.1938): humor
     “I Never Even Suggested It” (1940): humor
     “Golly, How Truth Will Out” (1940): humor
Nemerov, Howard, “Santa Claus” (1960): analysis
     “Style” (1967)
OConnor, Flannery "The Peacock Roosts" (1953): self-portrait with commentary
     Driskell To Flannery OConnor
Parker, Dorothy, 67 witty lines & verses (1919-61)
Pastan, Linda, “Emily Dickinson” (1971)
     “Remembering Frost at Kennedy’s Inauguration” (2004)
Paterson, Andrea, “Because I Could Not Dump” (1981): parody of Dickinson
Poetry as "Supernal Beauty" (1831-1850): excerpts, Edgar Allan Poe
Poe, Edgar Allan, “To Helen” (1831): analysis by 2 critics
     “Ulalume” (1847): analysis by 6 critics
Porter, Katherine Anne, “Variation 1001: To the Foolish Virgins Who Aren’t Gathering Roses” (1922), parody: analysis
     “The Transfusion” (1922-23)
     “Morning Song” (1929): analysis
     “Liberals” (1933) : analysis
     “Morning Song of the Tinker’s Bitch” (1946)
Pound, Ezra, “In a Station of the Metro” (1910): analysis by 4 critics
     "Imagism" (1909-1917): definitions and 12 poems
     “L’Art” (1910): Imagist poems
     “A Pact,” with Walt Whitman (1916)
     Hugh Selwyn Mauberley (1920): analysis by 7 critics
     “Portrait d’une Femme” (1926): analysis
     “Canto XLV” (1937): analysis
     from “Canto LXXXI” (1940): analysis
     Cantos (1919-70): analysis by 9 critics
Proudfit, David Law, “Prehistoric Smith” (c.1897): humor
Randall, Dudley, “Booker T. and W. E. B.” (1969)
Rich, Adrienne, “Diving into the Wreck” (1973)
     “’I Am in Danger -- Sir –‘” (c.1950-99)
Robinson, Edwin Arlington, “Credo” (1896): analysis
     “L’Envoi” (1897): analysis
     “Miniver Cheevy” (1910): analysis by 5 critics
     “Richard Cory” (1910): analysis by 2 critics
     “Walt Whitman” (c.1910)
     “Eros Turannos” (1916): analysis
     “The Dark Hills” (1920): analysis
     “Mr. Flood’s Party” (1920): analysis by 3 critics
     “The Sheaves” (1925)
Roethke, Theodore, “Papa's Waltz” (1950): analysis
     “The Waking” (1953)
Ross, Alan, “Radar” (1954): analysis
Rukeyser, Muriel, “This Place in the Ways” (1948)
     “Double Dialogue: Homage to Robert Frost” (1994)
Sandburg, Carl, “The Fog” (c.1915): Imagist poems
     “To the Ghost of John Milton” (1928): analysis
Scott, Winfield, “The U.S. Sailor with the Japanese Skull” (1945): analysis
Seeger, Alan, “Ode in Memory of the American Volunteers for France” (1916)
Sexton, Anne, “Her Kind” (1960)
Shapiro, Karl, “The Fly” (c.1944)
Simpson, Louis, “Squeal” (1957): parody of “Howl” (1955), Allen Ginsberg
     “In California” (1963)
Snodgrass, W. D., “Powwow” (1962): analysis
Stafford, William, “Traveling through the Dark” (1960): analysis
     “At the Robert Frost Memorial” (1982)
     “Understanding Poetry, by William Carlos Williams and Wallace Stevens” (1987)
Stein, Gertrude, “Picasso” (1909): analysis
Stevens, Wallace, “Sunday Morning” (1915): analysis by stanza
     10 critics discuss “Sunday Morning”
     “Anecdote of the Jar” (1916): analysis by 5 critics
     “Le Monocle de Mon Oncle” (1923): analysis by 2 critics
     “Peter Quince at the Clavier” (1923): analysis by 3 critics
     “The Emperor of Ice-Cream” (1923): analysis by 3 critics
     “The Comedian as the Letter C” (1923): analysis by 4 critics
     “A High-Toned Old Christian Woman” (1923): analysis
     “Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird” (1923): analysis by 4 critics
     “The Idea of Order at Key West” (1935): analysis by 3 critics
     “The Glass of Water” (1942): analysis
     “Notes toward a Supreme Fiction” (1942): analysis by 4 critics
     "Two or Three Ideas" (1951)
Strong, George A., “What Hiawatha Probably Did” (1856): parody
Symons, Julian (British), “Hart Crane” (c.1938)
Taggard, Genevieve, “With Child” (1922)
Tate, Allen, "Death of Little Boys" (1925), analysis by 5 critics
     "The Subway" (1928), modern age induces psychological disorder: analysis by 2 critics
     "Mr. Pope" (1928), age of Alexander Pope compared to modern age of Tate: analysis by 4 critics
     "Ode to the Confederate Dead" (1928), a classic: commentary by Tate with analysis by 7 critics
     "Mother and Son" (1930), autobiographical anguish: analysis by 2 critics
     "Last Days of Alice" (1931): analysis by 3 critics
     "The Cross" (1932), struggle with Christian belief: analysis by 4 critics
     "The Meaning of Life" (1933): analysis by 2 critics
     "Sonnets at Christmas 1934" (1936): analysis by 4 critics
     "The Mediterranean" (1936): analysis by 5 critics
     "Aeneas at Washington" (1936), conflates ancient and modern worlds: analysis by 4 critics
     "Narcissus as Narcissus" (1938): includes Tate's commentary on "Ode to the Confederate Dead"
     "Seasons of the Soul" (1944), complex key poem: analysis by 7 critics
     "The Swimmers" (1951), lynching: analysis by 5 critics
Taylor, Edward, “Preface, God’s Determinations” (c.1682): analysis
     “Housewifery” (c.1682): analysis
Thompson, William Henry, “The High Tide at Gettysburg” (1888)
Thoreau, Henry David, “My Life Is Like a Stroll upon the Beach” (1849)
Timrod, Henry, “Ode”: to the Confederate Dead (1867)
Tuckerman, Frederick Goddard, “Sonnet XVI” (1860): analysis
Twain, Mark, “Ode to Stephen Dowling Bots, Dec’d” (1884): parody
Updike, John, “Miss Moore at Assembly” (1993): parody of Marianne Moore
Very, Jones, “The Created” (1839): analysis
     “On Visiting the Graves of Hawthorne and Thoreau” (1886)
Wheatley, Phillis, “On being brought from Africa to America” (1773)
Whitman, Walt, “Song of Myself” (1855): analysis by 12 critics
     “Crossing Brooklyn Ferry” (1856): analysis by 4 critics
     “Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking” (1859): analysis by 5 critics
     “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d” (1865): analysis by 8 critics
Wilbur, Richard, “Epistemology” (1950)
     “Mind” (1956)
     “Marginalia” (1956)
     “Altitudes” (1956): homage to Emily Dickinson
     “Seed Leaves” (1964): homage to Robert Frost
"No ideas but in things," as in "Poem" (1923), William Carlos Williams
Williams, William Carlos, “The Red Wheelbarrow” (c.1913): analysis by 3 critics
     “Poem, or, Spring and All” (1923): analysis by 4 critics
     “The Yachts” (1938): analysis by 2 critics
     Paterson I-V (1946-58): analysis by 4 critics
Poetry as moral statement (1937): excerpts, Yvor Winters
Winters, Yvor, “To Emily Dickinson” (1930)
     “Before Disaster” (1932-33)
     “On Teaching the Young” (1934)
     “Dedication to a Book of Criticism” (1934)
     “A Testament to one now a child” (1937)
     “To a Portrait of Melville in My Library” (1937)
Wylie, Elinor, “Puritan Sonnet” (1928): analysis
Postmodernism: poetry
historical survey: free verse